Getting adventurous

This is the second half of my post-Mycenaean painting spree; as mentioned in my previous post I got some work done on my Proxian 19th-century Imagi-nations armies, but I also had some fantasy odds and ends that I wanted to work on. In particular, I thought it was time to re-visit the Caesar Adventurers set. I've painted a number of the figures over the years, but I still had a few tucked away. 

First up, I selected a trio to base together as a stereotypical D&D adventuring party, with a fighter, a magic-user, and a rogue. I expect the three of them will feature in Hordes of the Things games as a Hero unit. (The fighter's coat of arms is actually an allusion to a long-running D&D game I'm in, where our guild's symbol is a phoenix.)

I've also been plotting to add a few fantasy elements to my Bronze Age Egyptians, to allow them to play as a HotT army as well. One of the female magic-users from the Adventurers set looked like she could serve as a priestess; I gave her a couple of retainers from the old Atlantic Pharaoh's Court set. This unit will probably be either a Cleric or Magician as required.

As another HotT element for the Egyptians, I had a couple of crocodiles to serve as Water Lurkers. These are from HaT's "Jungle Adventures" re-issue of the Airfix Tarzan set.

This next one is bit of an oddball; some years ago I picked up several boxes of MiniArt Germanic Warriors at a convention flea market, thinking I would use them as Riders of Rohan. Well, I got as far as painting one stand of them, then kind of lost interest. I sold off the bulk of them to a friend of mine, but I still had another unit that had started prepping. Well, I finally got around to painting that unit, so perhaps now they'll see some action in a future game of N.U.R.D, or as a little mercenary contingent in a HotT campaign.

Moving over to the 28mm side of things, I also got a few more Reaper Bones figures painted. This one is a Psychic from their Pathfinder range. I actually painted a version of this figure in a speed-painting contest at Gen Con a couple of years ago and I liked it enough to get a plastic Bones version when it became available.

Finally, I painted up a gang of lizardfolk to match some I did a couple of years back. They might see action as primitives in Stargrave, or if we return to the Ghost Archipelago some day.

Next up, it will be the Bronze Age once more... perhaps for the last time! (Though I've said that before, haven't I?)

Nordalen and Seridia Join the Fray

This past month I've been working on a few different things in the miniatures vein, working off some pent-up energy after painting Mycenaeans for so long. One part of this was a return to Proxia, my 19th-century Imagi-nations setting, last seen about a year ago. Part of my plan from the beginning was to have two main combatants (Occiterre and Elabrün) and then two smaller contingents that could be allies to one or the other as needed (Nordalen and Seridia). I finally got around to painting up some troops and flags for the latter, so I thought I'd take this opportunity to introduce them. 

My concept for Seridia is that is broadly analogous to Italy, possibly with a bit of South American flair. (Some years back I was considering trying to model the War of the Triple Alliance; there's still a bit of that DNA in this Proxian project.) The Seridian flag is red, with a white canton containing a green star. Their troops may end up a little more irregular, and might feature in scenarios where I want to designate some troops of differing quality or temperament (militia, volunteers, revolutionaries, etc.) These particular figures are Italeri Confederate Infantry, though they may be supplemented by others at some point if I find ones I like the look of.

Nordalen, on the other hand, I'm imagining as a bit more like Switzerland or Scandinavia - rather mountainous and independent-minded. The Nordalener flag is a simple vertical tricolor of black, yellow, and blue. The figures I'm using for their infantry are Esci Crimean War Russians. Since I happen to have a rather plentiful supply of these, their role in scenarios may be to give provide one side a significant numerical advantage if needed.

I'm still considering what rules I would like to use for these - a few years back, my dad and I played a couple of games with them using Neil Thomas's One Hour Wargames, which worked well enough but I thought lacked a little flavor. I do plan on expanding this project a bit over the coming months, so if that goes as intended I may have more options available to me. I also had (what seems to me like) a fun idea for a series of games - a sort of "Famous Battle Charades" where I would set up various well-known battles using the various Proxian armies and see if the players could guess what they were re-fighting. We'll see if I get around to that at some point...

Bronze Age DBA Part 7 - The Plain Before Troy

Well, after a sojourn in the Americas, it is back to familiar territory for my latest DBA army: I/26 Later Mycenaean & Trojan War! The historicity of the Trojan War has stirred a lot of debate over the years, so about all I will say is that my views have been indelibly marked by having a copy of Peter Conolly's The Legend of Odysseus floating around since childhood. (And I suspect I am not the only one.) My intention with this one was to build a single army that could match either the I/26a Achaian or I/26b Trojan lists, rather than two entire armies; for now their opponents are likely to be my Hittites and Sea Peoples.

The whole army together

The figures here are all my usual 20mm plastics, mostly Caesar Miniatures' Mycenaean and Trojan army sets and their Mycenaean Chariots. I mixed and matched pretty freely between these sets; I don't see any indication that there was a lot of difference in equipment between the two sides (and anyway, the Iliad seems to suggest that arms and armor were swapped back and forth or taken as trophies on a regular basis). There are also a few head-swaps and other minor conversions in the mix.

LCh or 4Bd general

First up, we have the general in his light chariot. DBA allows the charioteers to dismount and fight as solid Blades instead, so I made sure to have that option available. The banner is not especially historical, alas, but I wanted to be able to distinguish the dismounted general at a glance. (Bonus point to anyone who can figure out the source of the horse head finial!)

3x LCh or 4Bd

Here are the other three light chariots, along with their dismounted solid Blades counterparts. (The outer two men in each stand of Blades match the two men on foot for the corresponding chariot unit.) The keenly observant may note that I have made some substitutions in the chariot crews - the ones Caesar includes look to me to be more suited for an earlier period. Hence, no Dendra armor here. There's also some historical debate over whether Mycenaean chariotry was equipped with bows - mine are, because I had lots of spare archers, and few spare spearmen.

6x Sp

The core of both army lists is a block of Spears - the Achaians can have up to six, and the Trojans up to five. One minor complaint I have about the Caesar sets is that a lot of the shields have a grooved texture that I expect is supposed to represent wood - I'd have liked to have been able to paint more of them as animal hide.

2x Ps

Both armies can deploy a couple of stands of slingers as psiloi. Unfortunately, the sets only contain a single slinger pose. The second fellow from the left is actually a spare chariot driver who has had his limbs repositioned; the one to his right is a Punic War figure that I have borrowed before.

2x 4Pk (Pylians)

The Achaians are allowed to replace two of the Spears with solid Pike (representing troops equipped in an older style with long two-handed spears). I actually got pretty far with painting these before I decided that they really ought to have shields, so I had to go back in and add those. Unfortunately, neither set includes a really proper figure-of-eight shield, so I made do with what was available.

4Wb (Myrmidons)

The Achians may also replace one of their psiloi with a solid Warband unit representing Achilles' Myrmidons. I tried to distinguish these from the regular Blades or Spear by giving them a mix of hand weapons, and black shields and plumes.

3Bd (Lukka/Lycians)

The Trojans are allowed to replace a Spear unit with a fast Blade unit representing Lukka allies or mercenaries. (The Lukka also feature prominently in the lists of the Sea Peoples, and seem to have lived a somewhat piratical lifestyle along the southwest coast of Anatolia.) The figures here are Caesar Philistines.

3Bw or Ps

Finally, the Trojans get a unit of bowmen, as either Psiloi or fast Bows.

Another angle on the whole army

This is probably the largest of the DBA armies I have painted in the last couple of years, so I am ready for a break after these! I do have one more Bronze Age army in mind, but I will need to resolve some supply issues before I am ready to work on them. Fortunately, I have no lack of other miniatures to paint in the meantime - and maybe I'll even be able to get some of these guys on the table for a game!

(Also, if anyone here is not already familiar with the work of Philotep (favored of Ptah, god of artisans) by all means check out his blog! His latest post has me itching to try painting some plaid.)

The Great DBA Census

Earlier this month, over on the Fanaticus forum, a question came up about whether there were any DBA armies that had never been built. I was sufficiently curious to put together a survey and post it in a few places around the internet - the Fanaticus and Lead Adventure forums, the r/wargaming subreddit, and a couple of DBA-focused Facebook groups. The survey ran from August 3-August 26, and there were 257 responses (of which 37 were entirely blank - most likely from people clicking through to check the results). No personal data was collected, only a list of which DBA armies the respondents had available for gaming. For those curious, the survey itself can be viewed here, and a spreadsheet with the responses can be viewed here.

Overall statistics

The DBA 3.0 rules include 604 army lists, divided by period into four books. Of these, all but one were captured in the survey - the only one not reported was III/59 Toltec. In total, our 220 respondents reported 10,393 armies. (Due to the way the DBA army lists are structured, there is a high level of overlap between these - for example, a player who can field an Alexandrian Macedonian army is likely able to use the same troops for many of the armies of Alexander's successors.)

The ten most popular armies overall were as follows:

   

    1. II/11 Gallic - 83 armies

    2. II/33 Polybian Roman - 77 armies

    3. II/56 Early Imperial Roman - 75 armies

    4. II/49 Marian Roman - 73 armies

    5. II/32a Later Carthaginian 275-202 BC - 71 armies

    6. II/5b Later Hoplite Greek (Athenian) 448-278 BC - 66 armies

    7. II/53 Ancient British - 65 armies

    8. II/12 Alexandrian Macedonian - 64 armies

    9. (tie) III/40b Viking 850-1280 AD / II/78a Late Imperial Roman (Western) - 61 armies

The armies of Book II, the Classical period, would seem to have the greatest appeal, as they dominate the top ten list.

Aside from the absent Toltecs, there were ten armies that were unique, only appearing once each in the survey results. These were:

• I/4c Hurrian or Early Kassite or Nairi
• I/39a Urartian 880-765 BC
• I/49a Van-lang or Au Lac Vietnamese 700-207 BC
• I/49c Early Vietnamese 110 BC-247 AD
• II/29 Tien and K'un-ming Chinese
• III/42a Sha-t'o Turkish 808-880 AD
• III/42b Sha-t'o Turkish 881-951 AD
• III/60 Medieval Vietnamese
• IV/25 Later Bulgar
• IV/37d Other Indonesian and Malay

I thought it would be interesting to look at the distribution of the army popularity data, so I put together a chart to show it:

(Min: 0, Q1: 6, Med: 13, Q2: 24.25, Max: 83, Mean: 17.2)

This suggests that a lot of the results are going to be a bit skewed; there are a small number of extremely popular army lists at the top of the heap, but the bulk of them fall at the lower end of the scale. The average army appears about 17 times in our data, but the median army appears only 13 times. (Not to be confused with the I/41b Median army, which appears 8 times!)

Next, let's take a look at how the different books match up!

Book I

Book I, the Chariot Period, generally covers from 3000-500 BC. There are 142 army lists in Book I. Of the 220 respondents, 147 reported owning at least one Book I army, with 1,875 reported in total. The top ten armies for this period were:

    1. I/22a New Kingdom Egyptian 1543-1200 BC - 53 armies

    2. I/48 Thracian - 47 armies

    3. I/22b New Kingdom Egyptian 1199-1069 BC - 46 armies

    4. I/52f Later Athenian Hoplite 540-449 BC - 45 armies

    5. I/28 Sea Peoples - 44 armies

    6. I/52e Early Athenian Hoplite 668-541 BC - 42 armies

    7. (tie) I/52b Spartan Hoplite 668-449 BC/ I/52c Thessalian Hoplite 668-449 BC - 41 armies

    9. I/43b Skythian 300-19 BC or Early Hu 400 BC-70 AD - 40 armies

    10. I/52d Theban Hoplite 668-449 BC - 39 armies

Hoplite armies make up most of the list here, presumably either as opponents for each other, or for the Achaemenid Persians, who didn't quite make the top ten. Ancient Egypt is also a popular topic, with the Sea Peoples providing some opposition for them. The Later Hittite Imperial list also narrowly missed the top ten.

Book II

Book II, the Classical Period, generally covers from 500 BC-476 AD. It is the largest of the four books, and includes 193 army lists. Of the 220 respondents, 189 reported owning at least one Book II army, with 4,779 reported in total. The top ten armies for this period are:

    1. II/11 Gallic - 83 armies

    2. II/33 Polybian Roman - 77 armies

    3. II/56 Early Imperial Roman - 75 armies

    4. II/49 Marian Roman - 73 armies

    5. II/32a Later Carthaginian 275-202 BC - 71 armies

    6. II/5b Later Hoplite Greek (Athenian) 448-278 BC - 66 armies

    7. II/53 Ancient British - 65 armies

    8. II/12 Alexandrian Macedonian - 64 armies

    9. II/78a Late Imperial Roman (Western) - 61 armies

    10. II/32b Later Carthaginian 201-146 BC - 59 armies

Rome in general and the Punic Wars in particular seem to be especially popular in this era, but the Gauls manage to be the single most collected army - more than a third of respondents have a Gallic army tucked away somewhere! My guess is that this is because they make convenient opponents for Romans of several eras, as well as being a third army that fits with a Roman/Carthaginian pair. 

Book III

Book III, the Early Medieval Period, extends from 476-1071 AD, and contains 129 army lists. 147 respondents reported owning at least one Book III army, for a total of 1,709 armies. The top ten armies for this period were:

    1. III/40b Viking 850-1280 AD - 61 armies

    2. III/40a Viking 790-849 AD - 53 armies

    3. III/52 West Frankish or Norman - 51 armies

    4. III/72 Anglo-Danish - 40 armies

    5. (tie) III/19a Welsh 580-1149 AD/ III/40c Leidang 790-1070 AD - 33 armies

    7. (tie) III/19c North Welsh 1150-1420 AD/ III/24b Middle Anglo-Saxon 701-1016 AD - 29 armies

    9. (tie) III/46 Norse Irish / III/53 East Frankish - 28 armies

Do you see a pattern here? The Dark Ages seem to be the biggest draw to this period, with three out of four sublists of III/40 Norse making the top ten here, and most of the rest being potential Viking opponents in the British Isles or Northern Europe. (The Norman Conquest may be a factor as well.)

Book IV

Book IV, the High Medieval Period, covers 1071-1500 AD, and includes 140 army lists. It seems to be the second-most popular, with 154 respondents reporting at least one Book IV army, for a total of 2,030. The top ten armies for this period were:

    1. IV/83a Wars of the Roses 1455-1485 AD or Tudor English 1486-1515 AD - 46 armies

    2. (tie) IV/62b Hundred Years War English 1334-1414 AD / IV/62c Hundred Years War English 1415-1422 AD - 43 armies

    4. (tie) IV/17 Later Crusader / 1V/64c Medieval French 1401-1445 AD - 41 armies

    6. IV/62d Hundred Years War English 1423-1455 AD - 40 armies

    7. (tie) IV/13c Medieval German 1440-1493 AD / IV/62a Hundred Years War English 1322-1333 AD - 39 armies

    9. IV/64b Medieval French 1347-1400 AD - 37 armies

    10. IV/3 Anglo-Norman - 36 armies

The Hundred Years War seems to be the most popular topic in this book, as all four English sublists and their French opponents make the top ten.

Other observations

Obviously, there are a lot of reasons why one army list might be more popular than another. For example:

• The historical period. Famous wars and well-known generals are likely to draw more interest.
• Game rules and balance. Within the DBA rules, some armies may have an advantage in the quality or types of troops they have available, and some gamers might choose to build armies with that in mind, especially for tournament play.
• Availability of suitable miniatures. Even if you find an army interesting and think it would be enjoyable to play, if you can't find figures it might not get built.

With that in mind, I decided to have a look at a few subsets of the data to see if there was a noticeable difference in popularity between them:

On the left we have our baseline - the whole set of responses. Next we have the four books by period. It's a little difficult to see much difference here, though Book II does seem to rise above the other three. Next, we have three geographical subsets - in the back of the rulebook, there is a section which divides the various army lists by their region of origin. I pulled out three of these to look at: the British Isles, China, and the Americas & the Pacific. Here we can see that British armies are massively more popular compared to the other two categories: the rarest, most obscure of the British armies, IV/21a Anglo-Irish 1172-1299 AD, still appears 10 times in our data! Half of the British armies appear 26 times or more. Compare that with the American armies, the most popular of which, IV/63 Azetc, appears 29 times! Finally, I went through and found all the armies which include elephants - I was expecting this to be a big draw, but that doesn't really seem to be the case. Armies with elephants don't seem particularly over-represented.

	Minimum	First Quartile	Median	Third Quartile	Maximum
All Armies	0	6	13	24.25	83
Book I	1	5	8.5	18	53
Book II	1	10	15.5	23	83
Book III	0	6	11	18	61
Book IV	1	6	11	20.25	46
British	10	18.25	26.5	33.75	65
Chinese	1	5.5	9	13	23
American & Pacific	0	3.75	5	6.5	29
Elephants	1	6	10	16	73

The big list

Finally, for anyone who would like to peruse the rankings themselves, here are all the army lists in descending order of frequency/popularity:

Army List	Number Reported
II/11 Gallic	83
II/33 Polybian Roman	77
II/56 Early Imperial Roman	75
II/49 Marian Roman	73
II/32a Later Carthaginian 275-202 BC	71
II/5b Later Hoplite Greek (Athenian) 448-278 BC	66
II/53 Ancient British	65
II/12 Alexandrian Macedonian	64
II/78a Late Imperial Roman (Western) 307-408 AD	61
III/40b Viking 850-1280 AD	61
II/32b Later Carthaginian 201-146 BC	59
II/5a Later Hoplite Greek (Spartan in Greece) 448-276 BC	56
II/5c Later Hoplite Greek (Theban) 448-278 BC	54
II/15 Alexandrian Imperial	54
I/22a New Kingdom Egyptian 1543-1200 BC	53
III/40a Viking 790-849 AD	53
II/3a Classical Indian 500 BC-178 AD	52
II/64a Middle Imperial Roman (Western) 193-324 AD	52
II/78b Late Imperial Roman (Eastern) 307-408 AD	52
III/52 West Frankish or Norman	51
II/5g Later Hoplite Greek (Italiot) 448-280 BC	50
II/5d Later Hoplite Greek (Thessalian)	48
I/48 Thracian	47
II/7 Later Achaemenid Persian	47
II/37 Parthian	47
II/40 Numidian or Early Moorish	47
I/22b New Kingdom Egyptian 1199-1069 BC	46
II/19a Seleucid 320-280 BC	46
II/19c Seleucid 204-167 BC	46
II/39b Celtiberian 240-20 BC	46
IV/83a Wars of the Roses 1455-1485 AD or Tudor English 1486-1515 AD	46
I/52f Later Athenian Hoplite 540-449 BC	45
II/5i Other hoplite in Greece 448-225 BC	45
II/19b Seleucid 279-205 BC	45
II/39a Iberian 240-20 BC	45
I/28 Sea Peoples	44
II/27b Pyrrhic 280-272 BC	44
II/19d Seleucid 166-64 BC	43
II/64b Middle Imperial Roman (Eastern) 193-324 AD	43
II/80a Hunnic (Attila) 433-453 AD	43
IV/62b Hundred Years War English 1334-1414 AD	43
IV/62c Hundred Years War English 1415-1422 AD	43
I/52e Early Athenian Hoplite 668-541 BC	42
II/5h Later Hoplite Greek (Siciliot) 448-280 BC	42
I/52b Spartan Hoplite 668-449 BC	41
I/52c Thessalian Hoplite 668-449 BC	41
II/16a Asiatic Early Successor (Antigonos) 320-301 BC	41
II/16d Asiatic Early Successor (Eumenes) 320-316 BC	41
II/47b Early German (Ariovistus) 58 BC	41
IV/17 Later Crusader	41
IV/64c Medieval French 1401-1445 AD	41
I/43b Skythian 300-19 BC or Early Hu 400 BC-70 AD	40
III/72 Anglo-Danish	40
IV/62d Hundred Years War English 1423-1455 AD	40
I/52d Theban Hoplite 668-449 BC	39
II/5f Later Hoplite Greek (Phokian) 357-347 BC	39
IV/13c Medieval German 1440-1493 AD	39
IV/62a Hundred Years War English 1322-1333 AD	39
II/16b Asiatic Early Successor (Demetrios) 315-285 BC	38
II/52 Dacian or Carpi	38
II/82a Patrician Roman (Western) 408-493 AD	38
I/52j Any Other Hoplite	37
II/30b Galatian 273-65 BC	37
II/82b Patrician Roman (Eastern) 408-493 AD	37
IV/64b Medieval French 1347-1400 AD	37
I/24b Later Hittite Imperial 1274-1180 BC	36
II/5e Later Hoplite Greek (Aitolian) 448-279 BC or (Akarnanian) 448-225 BC	36
II/10 Camillan Roman	36
II/16c Asiatic Early Successor (Alketas) 320 BC	36
II/30a Galatian 280-274 BC	36
IV/3 Anglo-Norman	36
I/52i Italiot or Siciliot Hoplite 668-449 BC	35
II/18a Macedonian Early Successor (Antipatros) 320-319 BC	35
II/18c Macedonian Early Successor (Kassandros) 318-298 BC	35
II/18e Macedonian Early Successor (Antigonos Gonatas) 277-260 BC	35
II/18f Macedonian Early Successor (Queen Olympias) 317-316 BC	35
II/20a Ptolemaic 320-275 BC	35
II/20b Ptolemaic 274-167 BC	35
IV/13b Medieval German 1151-1439 AD	35
IV/35 Mongol Conquest	35
II/27a Pyrrhic 300-281 BC	34
II/68a Pictish 211-499 AD	34
IV/7 Early Crusader	34
IV/13d Medieval German 1494-1518 AD	34
IV/85a Burgundian Ordonnance 1471-1477 AD	34
I/60c Achaemenid Persian 539-420 BC	33
I/61b Early Carthaginian 340-275 BC	33
II/5j Overseas mercenary expeditions	33
II/18b Macedonian Early Successor (Polyperchon) 319-310 BC	33
II/18d Macedonian Early Successor (Ptolemy Keraunos) 280-279 BC	33
II/69b Sassanid Persian 225-493 AD	33
III/19a Welsh 580-1149 AD	33
III/40c Leidang 790-1070 AD	33
I/52g Asiatic Greek Hoplite 668-449 BC	32
II/9a Syracusan in Sicily	32
II/17a Lysimachid 320-303 BC	32
II/17b Lysimachid 302-281 BC	32
II/47g Other Early German	32
I/60a Achaemenid Persian 550-547 BC	31
II/16e Peithon, Peucastas, or other minor Asiatic Successor 320-314 BC	31
II/30c Galatian 64-25 BC	31
IV/4b Feudal French 1200-1330 AD	31
IV/30 Teutonic Order	31
IV/59b Post-Mongol Samurai 1465-1542 AD	31
IV/61 Italian Condotta	31
I/6b Midianite, Amalekite, or Early Arab	30
II/23a Later Pre-Islamic Nomad Arab 312 BC-633 AD	30
II/35 Later Macedonian	30
II/73 Old Saxon, Frisian, Bavarian, Thuringian, and Early Anglo-Saxon	30
IV/64a Medieval French 1330-1346 AD	30
IV/79b Later Swiss 1425-1477 AD	30
II/3b Classical Indian 179-545 AD	29
II/20c Ptolemaic 166-54 BC	29
II/74b Palmyran (Zenobia) 271-273 AD	29
II/81a Sub-Roman British (Arthur) 407-470 AD	29
III/19c North Welsh 1150-1420 AD	29
III/24b Middle Anglo-Saxon 701-1016 AD	29
IV/63 Aztec	29
II/45c Spartacus 74-71 BC	28
II/68b Pictish 500-842 AD	28
III/46 Norse Irish	28
III/53 East Frankish	28
IV/23 Feudal English	28
IV/82a French Ordonnance 1445-1480 AD	28
IV/85b Burgundian Ordonnance 1478-1506 AD	28
I/3 Nubian	27
II/5k Spartan overseas expeditions 428-422 BC and 396-394 BC	27
II/20d Ptolemaic 53-30 BC	27
II/58 Alan	27
II/80d Other Hunnic 374-558 AD	27
III/4a Early Byzantine 493-544 AD	27
III/34b Andalusian 766-1172 AD	27
IV/4a Feudal French 1072-1199 AD	27
IV/79d Later Swiss 1478-1522 AD	27
I/43a Kimmerian or Skythian 750-301 BC	26
I/52a Argive Hoplite 669-449 BC	26
II/36a Greco-Bactrian	26
II/47c Batavian (Civilis) 69 AD	26
II/69c Sassanid Persian 494-651 AD	26
III/4b Early Byzantine 545-578 AD	26
III/25a Arab Conquest 622-638 AD	26
III/33 Early Muslim North Africa and Sicily	26
III/40d Leidang 1071-1280 AD	26
IV/59a Post-Mongol Samurai 1300-1464 AD	26
I/7a Early Libyan 3000-1251 BC	25
I/45 Neo-Assyrian	25
II/2 Mountain Indian	25
II/47f Suevi 19-49 AD	25
III/19b South Welsh 1100-1197 AD	25
IV/13a Medieval German 1106-1150 AD	25
IV/80 Hussite	25
I/7b Early Libyan 1250-666 BC	24
I/52h Aitolian or Akarnanian 668-449 BC	24
II/1 Republican Indian	24
II/5l Black Sea Greeks 410-310 BC	24
II/39c Lusitanian 240-20 BC	24
II/69a Sassanid Persian 220-224 AD	24
II/74a Palmyran (Odenathus) 260-271 AD	24
III/28 Carolingian Frankish	24
III/55 Early Samurai	24
IV/83b Rebel (Henry Tudor) 1485 AD	24
I/18 Minoan or Early Mycenaean	23
I/61a Early Carthaginian 550-341 BC	23
II/41a Western Han Chinese 202 BC-24 AD	23
II/47d Other Batavian or Cherusci	23
II/48 Mithridatic	23
II/83a Later Visigothic 419-621 AD	23
III/25b Arab Conquest 639-660 AD	23
III/34a Andalusian 710-765 AD	23
III/37a Abbasid Arab 747-835 AD	23
IV/55b Ottoman 1362-1520 AD	23
IV/79a Later Swiss 1400-1424 AD	23
II/36b Greco-Indian	22
II/47a Cimbri or Teutones 113-102 BC	22
II/47e Marcomanni of Maroboduus 9 BC-19 AD	22
II/54b Scots-Irish 433-841 AD	22
II/81b Sub-Roman British (Vortigern) 429-441 AD	22
III/37b Abbasid Arab 836-945 AD	22
IV/82b French Ordonnance 1481-1515 AD	22
I/1b Early Sumerian 2799-2334 BC	21
I/25a Middle Assyrian 1365-883 BC	21
I/29a Early Philistine 1166-600 BC	21
I/47 Illyrian	21
III/65 Nikephorian Byzantine	21
IV/20 Ayyubid Egyptian	21
I/26b Trojan	20
II/54a Scots-Irish 55 BC-432 AD	20
II/65a Gothic at Adrianople 378 AD	20
II/65b Tervingi or Early Visigothic 200-407 AD	20
II/72d Other Early Frankish, Rugian, or Turcilingi	20
III/2 Early Lombard	20
III/10b Rajput 747-1303 AD	20
III/24a Middle Anglo-Saxon 617-700 AD	20
III/62a Northern Sung Chinese 960-1126 AD	20
III/66 Fatimid Egyptian	20
III/73b Communal Italian 1151-1320 AD	20
IV/16 Scots Common	20
IV/43c Later Hungarian 1397-1526 AD	20
I/6a Early Bedouin 3000-1001 BC	19
I/29b Later Philistine 1099-600 BC	19
I/51 Later Sargonid Assyrian	19
II/65c Alaric and successors 408-419 AD	19
II/66 Early Vandal	19
II/71 Gepid	19
II/83b Later Visigothic 622-720 AD	19
III/35b Feudal Spanish 951-1200 AD	19
III/45 Pre-Feudal Scots	19
I/24a Early Hittite Imperial 1380-1275 BC	18
I/26a Achaian	18
I/44b Later Neo-Babylonian 604-589 BC and 522-482 BC	18
II/9b Syracusan in Africa 310-307 BC	18
II/22c Arabo-Aramaean (Hatra) 126 BC-240 AD	18
II/41b Eastern Han Chinese 25-189 AD	18
II/72b Alamanni 250-506 AD	18
II/80c Chionite or Hephthalite Hunnic 356-570 AD	18
II/81c British 471-580 AD or Armorican 429-580 AD	18
III/78 Scots Isles or Highlands	18
IV/47 Golden Horde or Successor	18
II/4a Ch'in Chinese 355-221 BC	17
II/22a Arabo-Aramaean (Nabataea) 250 BC-106 AD	17
II/28b Other Armenian 300 BC-244 AD	17
II/31c Hellenistic Greek (Spartan) 278-226 B	17
II/60 Caledonian	17
II/67b Other Greuthingi, Early Ostrogothic, Herul, Sciri, and Taifali 200-493 AD	17
II/72c Suevi 250-584 AD	17
III/31 Umayyad Arab	17
III/73a Communal Italian 1029-1150 AD	17
III/77 Papal Italian	17
IV/76 Early Burgundian	17
IV/79c League of Constance 1474-1477 AD	17
IV/83c Rebel (Lambert Simbel) 1487 AD	17
I/2a Early Egyptian 3000-1690 BC	16
II/8b Campanian 420-340 BC	16
II/13 Samnite	16
II/23b Later Pre-Islamic City Arab 312 BC-633 AD	16
II/31h Hellenistic Greek (Athenian) 278-146 BC	16
II/46b Kushan 50 BC-410 AD	16
II/55a Nobades or Blemmye 30 BC-200 AD	16
III/10c Other Hindu Indian 545-1510 AD	16
III/17 Maurikian Byzantine	16
III/21a Italian Lombard 584-774 AD	16
III/35a Feudal Spanish 718-950 AD	16
III/35c Feudal Spanish 1201-1340 AD	16
III/44 Tribal Mongolian	16
IV/5a Sicilian 1072-1193 AD	16
IV/6c Arab dynasties Syrian 1092-1172 AD	16
IV/41 Early Swiss	16
IV/75 Timurid	16
I/1c Great Sumerian Revolt 2250 BC	15
I/2b Early Egyptian 1689-1541 BC	15
I/19 Mitanni	15
I/25b Early Neo-Assyrian 882-745 BC	15
I/42 Neo-Elamite	15
I/60b Cyrus' according to the Cyropaedia 546-540 BC	15
II/31i Hellenistic Greek (Eleian) 278-146 BC	15
II/31j Hellenistic Greek (Aitolian) 278-146 BC	15
II/79b Southern Dynasty Chinese 317-589 AD	15
III/3 Italian Ostrogothic	15
III/48 Rus	15
III/75 Islamic Berber	15
IV/6a Turkish-ruled and Ayyubid remnant Syrian states 1092-1286 AD	15
IV/43a Later Hungarian 1245-1395 AD	15
IV/65 Wallachian or Moldovian	15
I/15 Later Amorite	14
I/17b Later Hyksos 1590-1537 BC	14
I/20b Other Syro-Canaanite 1595-1100 BC	14
I/44a Early Neo-Babylonian 746-605 BC	14
I/58 Meroitic Kushite	14
II/14 Ariarathid Kappadokian	14
II/25 Bosporan	14
II/31a Hellenistic Greek (Boiotian) 278-246 BC	14
II/31d Hellenistic Greek (Spartan) 225-223 BC	14
II/31e Hellenistic Greek (Spartan) 222-195 BC	14
II/55b Nobades or Blemmye 201-831 AD	14
III/15 Tibetan	14
III/21b Italian Lombard 775-1076 AD	14
III/62b Southern Sung Chinese 1127-1279 AD	14
III/79 Early Russian	14
IV/1a Komnenan Byzantine 1071-1142 AD	14
IV/5b Sicilian 1194-1266 AD	14
IV/6b Abbasid Iraq 1092-1258 AD	14
IV/55a Ottoman 1281-1361 AD	14
IV/57b Low Countries 1330-1410 AD	14
IV/58 Medieval Irish	14
IV/66 Later Polish	14
IV/74 Free Company or Armagnac	14
I/54 Early Macedonian	13
II/26 Siracae, Iazyges, or Later Rhoxolani Sarmatian	13
II/31b Hellenistic Greek (Boiotian) 245-146 BC	13
II/31f Hellenistic Greek (Achaian) 251-208 BC	13
II/31g Hellenistic Greek (Achaian) 207-146 BC	13
II/67a Greuthingi (Radagaisus) 401-406 AD	13
II/72a Quadi 250-406 AD	13
II/81d Strathclyde 580-1034 AD	13
III/8 Central Asian City-States	13
III/13b Avar 558-631 AD	13
III/18 Breton	13
III/20c T'ang Chinese 618-755 AD	13
III/23a Khmer 605-1431 AD	13
III/36 Nan-chao or Ta-li	13
III/39 Late T'ang or Five Dynasties Chinese	13
III/63b Early Polish 1201-1335 AD	13
III/76 Konstantinian Byzantine	13
IV/36b Later Muslim Indian 1316-1526 AD	13
IV/48 Yuan Chinese	13
IV/68e Medieval Spanish 1495-1503 AD	13
I/1a Early Sumerian 3000-2800 BC	12
I/27 Early Hebrew	12
I/43c Massagetae 550-150 BC	12
I/46b Kushite Egyptian 727-664 BC	12
II/4e Other Chinese 355-202 BC	12
II/8a Bruttian or Lucanian 420-203 BC	12
II/34 Attalid Pergamene	12
II/42b Tamil 301-1370 AD	12
II/57 Later Moorish	12
II/80b Sabir Hunnic 515-558 AD	12
III/5a Middle Frankish (Austrasian or Burgundian)	12
III/9b Burmese 1044-1526 AD	12
III/12 Christian Nubian	12
III/29 Thematic Byzantine	12
III/63a Early Polish 960-1200 AD	12
IV/1b Komnenan Byzantine 1143-1204 AD	12
IV/21b Anglo-Irish 1300-1403 AD	12
IV/22 Serbian Empire	12
IV/28 Prussian	12
IV/45 Mamluk Egyptian	12
IV/46 Ilkhanid	12
IV/68f Medieval Spanish 1504-1515 AD	12
I/7c Early Libyan 665-476 BC	11
I/7d Early Libyan 475-70 BC	11
I/12 Sumerian Successor	11
I/23b Later Vedic Indian 899-501 BC	11
I/34b Later Hebrew 968-800 BC	11
I/50 Lydian	11
II/4d Other Chinese 480-356 BC	11
II/6 Bithynian	11
II/8c Apulian 420-206 BC	11
II/22e Arabo-Aramaean (Edessa, Singara, or Adiabene) 126 BC-240 AD	11
II/28a Armenian (Tigranes) 83-69 BC	11
II/38a Hsiung-nu 250 BC-303 AD	11
II/63 Three Kingdoms or Western Ts'in (Chin) Chinese	11
II/70a Burgundi 250-534 AD	11
III/1a Northern Slav 580-1218 AD	11
III/9a Burmese 500-1043 AD	11
III/13a Avar 553-557 AD and 632-826 AD	11
III/70 Tuareg	11
IV/12d Hawaiian	11
IV/18 Lithuanian or Samogitian	11
IV/39b Navarrese 1328-1378 AD	11
IV/43b Later Hungarian (Crusade of Nicopolis) 1396 AD	11
IV/73 Ming Chinese	11
I/8b Makkan 1300-312 BC	10
I/16 Old and Middle Kingdom Hittite	10
I/23a Early Vedic Indian 1500-900 BC	10
II/4b Yueh Chinese 480-333 BC	10
II/24 Early Rhoxolani Sarmatian	10
II/28c Armenian 245-627 AD	10
II/42a Tamil 175 BC-300 AD	10
II/44 Commagene	10
II/46a Kushan 135-51 BC	10
III/1c Southern Slav 476-896 AD	10
III/5b Middle Frankish (Neustrian, Aquitanian, or Provencal)	10
III/64b Ghaznavid 1002-1186 AD	10
III/74b Other Seljuk Turkish 1037-1276 AD	10
IV/5c Sicilian 1282-1442 AD	10
IV/12e Maori	10
IV/21a Anglo-Irish 1172-1299 AD	10
IV/21c Anglo-Irish 1404-1515 AD	10
IV/36a Later Muslim Indian 1206-1315 AD	10
IV/38 Murcian or Granadine	10
IV/39a Navarrese 1234-1327 AD	10
IV/54a Danish 1350-1390 AD	10
IV/54b Union 1391-1523 AD	10
IV/57a Low Countries 1297-1329 AD	10
I/4a Zagros and Anatolian Highland 3000-950 BC	9
I/17a Early Hyksos 1645-1591 BC	9
I/34a Later Hebrew 1000-969 BC	9
I/36a Samnite, Umbrian, Hernician, or Ligurian	9
I/36d Other Italian Hill Tribes	9
I/53 Saitic Egyptian	9
I/56a Early Kyrenaean Greek 630-314 BC	9
II/4c Chao Chinese 307-202 BC	9
II/22f Any Arabo-Aramaean 312-126 BC	9
II/79a Northern Dynasty Chinese 317-589 AD	9
II/84 African Vandal	9
III/1b Western Slav 741-1003 AD	9
III/20a Sui Chinese 581-611 AD	9
III/20b Sui Chinese 612-623 AD	9
III/38 Arab Indian	9
III/64a Ghaznavid 962-1001 AD	9
III/69 Western Sudanese	9
III/74a Rum 1063-1276 AD	9
IV/11 North-Western American	9
IV/13e Free Canton	9
IV/29 Tupi	9
IV/40 Siamese	9
IV/44a Post-Mongol Russian 1246-1380 AD	9
IV/56 Order of St. John	9
IV/81 Inca	9
I/8a Makkan, Dilmun, Saba, Mai'in or Qataban 2800-1301 BC	8
I/8c Dilmun, Saba, Mai'in, or Qataban 1300-312 BC	8
I/9 Early Syrian	8
I/11a Akkadian 2334-2193 BC	8
I/20a Ugarit 1274-1176 BC	8
I/31a Neo-Hittite or Later Aramaean 1100-901 BC	8
I/31b Neo-Hittite or Later Aramaean 900-710 BC	8
I/34c Later Hebrew 799-586 BC	8
I/41b Median 620-550 BC	8
I/56b Later Kyrenaean Greek 313-74 BC	8
II/22d Arabo-Aramaean (Characene) 126 BC-222 AD	8
II/23c Later Pre-Islamic Yemeni 312 BC-633 AD	8
II/28d Gordyene 147 BC-225 AD	8
II/51 Late Judaean	8
II/61b Mu-jung Hsien-pi 300-431 AD	8
II/70b Limigantes 334-359 AD	8
III/14c Bulgar 804-1018 AD	8
III/22c Maya 1283-1461 AD	8
III/56 Khitan-Liao	8
III/71c Georgian 1122-1683 AD	8
IV/32 Romanian Frank	8
IV/52 Later Nomadic Mongol	8
IV/54c Swedish 1391-1523 AD	8
IV/54d Other Medieval Scandinavian 1280-1523 AD	8
IV/68a Medieval Portuguese 1340-1494 AD	8
IV/68d Castilian 1340-1478 or Spanish 1479-1494 AD	8
IV/69 Albanian	8
I/4b Guti "Great Revolt" 2250-2112 BC	7
I/6c Early Aramaean 2000-1101 BC	7
I/21b Later Babylonian 889-747 BC	7
I/41a Medes, Zikirtu, Andia, or Parsua 835-621 BC	7
I/46c Later Kushite 663-593 BC	7
I/57a Etruscan League 600-400 BC	7
I/57b Etruscan League 399-280 BC	7
II/22b Arabo-Aramaean (Emesa) 51 BC-72 AD	7
II/38b Southern Hsiung-nu 304-439 AD	7
II/43 Maccabean Jewish	7
II/59 Jewish Revolts	7
III/10a Kanauj 606-647 AD	7
III/14a Bulgar 558-674 AD	7
III/14b Bulgar 675-803 AD	7
III/23b Cham 605-1471 AD	7
III/47 Pecheneg	7
III/57 Koryo Dynasty Korean	7
III/67 Hsi-Hsia	7
III/71b Georgian 1090-1121 AD	7
IV/2 Cilician Armenian	7
IV/42 Islamic Persian	7
IV/44b Post-Mongol Russian 1381-1533 AD	7
I/4d Gasgan 1650-950 BC	6
I/5a Early Susiana or Elamite 3000-2601 BC	6
I/5c Early Susiana or Elamite 2100-1401 BC	6
I/10 Melukhkhan or Pre-Vedic Indian	6
I/14b European Bronze Age 1400-701 BC	6
I/21a Kassite Babylonian 1595-890 BC	6
I/32a Western Chou 1100-701 BC	6
I/32c Other Chinese 700-480 BC	6
I/35b Cypriot or Phoenician 900-666 BC	6
I/55a Etruscan 650-600 BC	6
II/42d Sinhalese 301-1515 AD	6
II/45a First Servile War 135-132 BC	6
II/45b Second Servile War 103-99 BC	6
II/62a Abyssinian or Horn-of-Africa 100-1284 AD	6
III/22d Maya 1462-1546 AD	6
III/25c Khawarij 658-873 AD	6
III/26a Early Serbian 627-1180 AD	6
III/41b Chichimec or Pueblo Culture	6
III/50 Zanj Revolt	6
III/54a Dynastic Bedouin 890-1150 AD	6
III/58a Baghdad Buyid 946-975 AD	6
III/71a Georgian 1008-1089 AD	6
III/80 Cuman or Kipchak	6
IV/14a Jurchen-Chin 1114-1125 AD	6
IV/14b Jurchen-Chin 1126-1234 AD	6
IV/19a Tarascan or Toltec-Chichimec	6
IV/19c Spanish and Tlaxcalan	6
IV/53 Mixtec, Zapotec, or West Mexican	6
IV/60 Catalan Company	6
IV/68b Medieval Portuguese 1495-1515 AD	6
IV/68c Aragonese 1340-1478 AD	6
IV/77 Black Sheep or White Sheep Turkoman	6
I/5b Early Susiana or Elamite 2600-2101 BC	5
I/14d Chinese Border Tribes 2000-401 BC	5
I/30a Dark Age and Geometric Greek 1160-901 BC	5
I/30c Dark Age and Geometric Greek 724-650 BC	5
I/32b Wu or Yueh Chinese 584-480 BC	5
I/46a Early Kushite 745-728 BC	5
I/55b Roman 650-578 BC	5
I/55c Latin 650-400 BC	5
I/55d Latin 399-338 BC	5
I/59 Tullian Roman	5
I/62 Lykian	5
II/21c Former Ch'in Chinese 351-394 AD	5
II/38c Juan-juan 308-555 AD	5
II/42c Sinhalese 175 BC-300 AD	5
II/55c Beja 832-1500 AD	5
II/61a Wu-huan, T'u-yu-hun, or Hsien-pi 90-316 AD	5
II/61d Khitan or Hsi 350-1000 AD	5
II/75 Paekche or Kaya Korean	5
II/76 Koguryo Korean	5
III/11a Turfan Uighur 860-1330 AD	5
III/11b Other Central Asian Turkish 550-1330 AD	5
III/22a Maya 600-987 AD	5
III/22b Maya 988-1282 AD	5
III/54b Qaramita 897-1078 AD	5
IV/9 Eastern Forest American	5
IV/10 Mound Builder American	5
IV/12c Other Polynesian	5
IV/27 Estonian	5
IV/31 Nikian Byzantine	5
IV/39c Navarrese Company in Greece 1378-1430 AD	5
IV/51b Morean Byzantine 1347-1460 AD	5
IV/78 Yi Dynasty Korean	5
I/11b Third Dynasty of Ur 2112-2004 BC	4
I/13b Shang Chinese 1299-1017 BC	4
I/14c European Iron Age 700-315 BC	4
I/14f Red Ti 788-588 BC	4
I/14g I 2000-315 BC	4
I/30b Dark Age and Geometric Greek 900-725 BC	4
I/33b Later Villanovan Italian 800-650 BC	4
I/35a Cypriot or Phoenician 1000-901 BC	4
I/35c Cypriot or Phoenician 665-490 BC	4
I/36b Sardinian 700-124 BC	4
I/49d Early Vietnamese 248-938 AD	4
II/21a Ch'iang and Ti Chinese 315 BC-302 AD	4
II/21b Ch'iang and Ti Chinese 303-550 AD	4
II/61c Other Hsien-pi or T'u-yu-hun 317-431 AD	4
II/62b Abyssianian or Horn-of-Africa 1285-1529 AD	4
III/16 Khazar	4
III/43b Saffarid Khurasanian 861-1073 AD	4
III/43c Samanid Khurasanian 900-999 AD	4
III/68a Early Hungarian 997-1102 AD	4
III/68b Early Hungarian 1103-1245 AD	4
IV/8 Ghurid	4
IV/12b Other Melanesian	4
IV/15 Qara-Khitan	4
IV/26 Lusignan Cypriot	4
IV/34 Trapezuntine Byzantine	4
IV/71b Coastal Peruvian 1350-1490 AD	4
IV/72 Amazonian	4
IV/84a Araucanian 1461-1552 AD	4
I/5d Early Susiana or Elamite 1400-800 BC	3
I/13a Hsia and Shang Chinese 2000-1300 BC	3
I/14e Jung or Ch'iang 400-315 BC	3
I/33a Early Villanovan Italian 1000-801 BC	3
I/35d Cypriot or Phoenician 489-332 BC	3
I/37b Taurus or Zagros Highland 749-610 BC	3
I/38 Libyan Egyptian	3
I/64a Yayoi culture Japanese 500 BC-274 AD	3
II/46c Kushan Kidarite 411-477 AD	3
II/50 Hasmonean Jewish	3
II/77a Shilla Korean 300-670 AD	3
II/77b Shilla Korean 671-935 AD	3
III/7a Pre-Samurai Japanese (Kofun) 500-645 AD	3
III/7b Ritsuryo or Early Heian 646-900 AD	3
III/26b Early Croatian 627-1089 AD	3
III/27 Rshtuni Armenian	3
III/30a Magyar 650-895 AD	3
III/30b Magyar 896-1003 AD	3
III/32 Volga Bulgar	3
III/43a Tahirid Khurasanian 821-873 AD	3
III/49 Tulunid or Iqshidid Egyptian	3
III/51 Bagratid Armenian	3
III/61 Dynastic Kurdish	3
IV/33 Epirot Byzantine	3
IV/37a Malay or Sumatran	3
IV/37c Javanese	3
IV/49 Anatolian Turkoman	3
IV/50 Palaiologan Byzantine	3
IV/51a Morean Byzantine 1262-1346 AD	3
IV/71a Chimu Imperial 1350-1480 AD	3
I/14a European Bronze Age 2000-1401 BC	2
I/36c Sicel 480-380 BC	2
I/37a Taurus or Zagros Highland 950-750 BC	2
I/39b Urartian 764-585 BC	2
I/40 Phrygian	2
I/49b Nan-Yueh 206-111 BC	2
I/55e Umbrian 650-290 BC	2
I/63 Paionian	2
I/64b Kofun culture Japanese 275-407 AD	2
I/64c Kofun culture Japanese 408-500 AD	2
III/6a Emishi 500-699 AD	2
III/6b Emishi 700-878 AD	2
III/41a Proto-Toltec 800-930 AD or Proto-Aztec 800-1325 AD	2
III/58b Musfirid 941-984 AD	2
III/58c Other Dailami 927-1090 AD	2
IV/12a Fijian, Samoan, or Tongan	2
IV/19b Chinantec	2
IV/24a Khwarizmian state 1186-1231 AD	2
IV/24b Khwarizmian refugee 1232-1246 AD	2
IV/37b Moluccan	2
IV/67 Jalayirid	2
IV/70 Chanca or Canari	2
IV/84b Other Mapuche 1461-1552 AD	2
I/4c Hurrian or Early Kassite or Nairi	1
I/39a Urartian 880-765 BC	1
I/49a Van-lang or Au Lac Vietnamese 700-207 BC	1
I/49c Early Vietnamese 110 BC-247 AD	1
II/29 Tien and K'un-ming Chinese	1
III/42a Sha-t'o Turkish 808-880 AD	1
III/42b Sha-t'o Turkish 881-951 AD	1
III/60 Medieval Vietnamese	1
IV/25 Later Bulgar	1
IV/37d Other Indonesian and Malay	1
III/59 Toltec	0